In The Past, People Have Invariably Felt That If They Had Essays

In the past, people have invariably felt that if they had been wronged in some way, it was his or her right to take vengeance on the person that had wronged them. This mentality still exists, even today, but in a lesser form because the law has now outlined a person's rights and developed punishments that conform to those rights, yet allow for the retribution for their crime. However, some feel that those laws and punishments are too lax and criminals of today take advantage of them, ie. organized crime, knowing very well that the punishments for their crime, whether it be murder, theft, or any other number of criminal activities, will be so negligible that it may be well worth their risk. Although in the past, the number of crimes that were subjected to capital punishment, defined simply as the death penalty for a crime, were outrageous. Amendments were made to reflect the changes in the society's views on the morality of capital punishment. That resulted in the narrowing down of the list of one hundred crimes to twelve, punishable by the death penalty in 1833, and in 1869 it was cut down yet again to just three: treason, rape, and murder because of violent nature of these crimes. These crimes, even today, are still viewed as violent and should be punished with the highest degree of discipline available to achieve justice. After much public pressure, capital punishment was suspended on a trial run in 1967. This proved to be ineffective, because even though the law stipulated that crimes such as treason or the murder of law enforcement agents, were still to be subjected to the death penalty, the federal cabinet continued to commute those criminals from death to life sentences, hence the law was not being followed and justice was not being served. This soon was followed with capital punishment's abolishment in 1976, as a formal declaration of what was already happening or rather what was not happening. It is felt that because of this and the fact that there has not been an execution since 1967, that today's current form of punishments are no longer a sufficient deterrent for such serious crimes and have contributed to a ever rising crime rate. So, this is where the real issue of whether or not capital punishment should exist begins and such a controversial issue could be best understood if we looked at capital punishment in a perspective of how it fulfils or does not fulfil society's ideas of punishment: Is not one of the four fundamental objectives behind punishment retribution? The sentencing objective based on the principle of "an-eye-for-an-eye", which means that what one person has done to another should also be done to that person in return. Is that not justified, especially in cases of premeditated murder of another human begin, another life? Does capital punishment not act as a deterrent? Does it not threaten with an imposition of a penalty for the commission of an act considered wrong by society? What about segregation? Does capital punishment remove criminals from society so that they cannot repeat their offence or commit other offences against society? Doesn't capital punishment follow the above three objectives well Most people would say it does. But then, of course, people who support the abolishment of capital punishment would ask about rehabilitation, the re-training of prisoners with an employable skill for use when they are released. Not only is it expensive to re-train and house criminals, but with some, it is just not possible, because they are hardened criminals and will not change. For those people, it is just not worth the effort and the taxpayers' money to even attempt to reform them. Also, another point to consider is that today prison terms are not enough. Many people are allowed out early on parole and/or remission resulting in criminals just serving one third of their prison terms and being released back into society. This type of quick release cannot adequately retribute someone's death nor deter others strongly enough from repeating the same offence that the criminals already have. As you can see, capital punishment fulfils our society's"checklist" of what a punishment should do, especially the objective of retribution. Many people who want capital punishment restored, have also clearly stated that without a suitable punishments for crimes, justice will never truly be served to those that have suffered damages or losses. People will think less and less of the law and start resorting to "private law and order". This would

Life and Work of Maud Lewis, Canadian Folk Artist

Life and Work of Maud Lewis, Canadian Folk Artist Maud Lewis (March 7, 1903 – July 30,  1970) was a 20th-century Canadian folk artist. With a focus on subjects in nature and ordinary life and a folk style of painting, she became one of the best-known artists in Canadian history. Fast Facts: Maud Lewis Occupation: Painter and folk artistBorn: March 7, 1903 in South Ohio, Nova Scotia, CanadaDied: July 30, 1970 in Digby, Nova Scotia, CanadaParents: John and Agnes DowleySpouse: Everett LewisKey Accomplishments: Despite physical limitations and poverty, Lewis became a beloved folk artist, known for her brightly colored paintings of animals, flowers, and outdoor scenes.Quote:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I paint all from memory, I don’t copy much. Because I don’t go nowhere, I just make my own designs up.† Early Life Born Maud Kathleen Dowley in South Ohio,  Nova Scotia, Lewis was the only daughter of John and Agnes Dowley. She had one brother, Charles, who was older than her. Even as a child, she suffered from rheumatoid arthritis, which limited her movements, even down to her hands. Despite this, she began making art at an early age under the tutelage of her mother, who taught her to paint watercolor Christmas cards, which she then sold. Maud dealt with multiple physical disabilities that left her hunched over. At the age of fourteen, she dropped out of school for unknown reasons, although it is possible that the bullying of her classmates (due to her visible birth defects) was at least partially at fault. Family and Marriage As a young woman, Maud became romantically involved with a man named Emery Allen, but they never married. In 1928, however, she gave birth to their daughter, Catherine. Allen abandoned Maud and their daughter, and they instead continued to live with her parents. Because Maud had no income and no means to support her child, a court required Catherine to be placed up for adoption. Later in life, an adult Catherine (now married with a family of her own and still living in Nova Scotia) attempted to get in touch with her mother; she was never successful in her attempts. Maud’s parents died within two years of each other: her father in 1935 and her mother in 1937. Her brother Charles inherited everything, and while he allowed his sister to live with him for a short while, she soon moved to Digby, Nova Scotia, to live with her aunt. In late 1937, Maud answered an advertisement placed by Everett Lewis, a fish peddler from Marshalltown, who was seeking a live-in housekeeper. While she was unable to perform her job well, due to the advancement of her arthritis, Maud and Everett married in January 1938. Painting Every Surface The painted interior of Maud Lewis home, as it is preserved in the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia.   Courtesy of the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia. The Lewises lived mostly in poverty, but Everett did encourage his wife’s painting – especially once he realized they could make a small profit. He procured  painting supplies  for her, and she then accompanied him on selling trips, starting with small cards like those she had painted as a child and eventually expanding to other, larger media. She even painted nearly every suitable surface in their small home, from typical sites such as walls to more unconventional ones (including their stove). Because canvas was difficult to come by (and expensive), Maud worked on beaver boards (made of compressed wood fibers) and Masonite, among other things. These smaller items, early in her career or for personal use, were full of bright colors and designs of flowers, birds, and leaves. This aesthetic would carry over into her later work as well. Early Sales Maud Lewis,  White Cat (2), 1960s, oil on pulpboard, 31.1 x 33.8 cm. Collection of the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, gift of Johanna Hickey, Vancouver, BC, 2006.   Maud’s paintings, throughout her career, focused on scenes and items out of her own life, experiences, and surroundings. Animals appeared frequently, mostly domestic or farm animals such as cows, oxen, cats, and birds. She also portrayed outdoor scenes: boats on the water, winter sleigh or skating scenes, and similar moments of ordinary life, often with a playful and cheerful tone. The greeting cards of her youth came back again, this time as inspiration for her later paintings. Bright, pure colors are a hallmark of her paintings; in fact, she was known to never blend colors, but only use the oils as they came originally in their tubes. Most of her paintings are quite small, not exceeding eight by ten inches. This is mostly due to the constraints of her arthritis: she could only paint as far as she could move her arms, which was increasingly limited. However, there are a few of her paintings that are larger than that, and she was commissioned to paint a large set of shutters by American cottage owners in the early 1940s. Gaining Wider Attention Maud Lewis,  Fall Scene with Deer,  c. 1950, oil on pulpboard, 29.5 x 34.9 cm. Collection of the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, purchase 1974. During her lifetime, Maud’s paintings did not sell for large amounts. By the late 1940s, tourists had begun to stop at the Lewises’ home to purchase her paintings, but they rarely sold for more than a few dollars. In fact, they wouldn’t sell for even close to ten dollars until the final years of her life. The Lewises continued to live a meager existence, with Everett taking on the lion’s share of work around the house as Maud’s arthritis continued to degenerate her mobility. Despite the attention of the occasional tourist, Lewis’s work remained fairly obscure for the majority of her life. All that changed in 1964, when the Toronto-based national newspaper  Star Weekly  wrote an article about her as a folk artist and brought her to the attention of audience across Canada, who quickly embraced her and her work. The attention only increased the following year, when the broadcasting network CBC featured her on its program  Telescope, which featured Canadians of varying degrees of notoriety who had made a difference in some way. In the final years of her life and following these major public mentions, Lewis was on the receiving end of commissions from a wide array of important figures – most notably, American president  Richard Nixon  commissioned a pair of paintings from her. She never left her home in Nova Scotia and was unable to keep up with the demand for artwork. Death and Legacy Maud Lewis,  Maud Lewis House, mixed media, 4.1 x 3.8 m. Collection of the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, purchased by the Province of Nova Scotia, 1984.   Maud’s health continued to deteriorate, and in the late 1960s, she spent most of her shuttling between painting in her home and visiting the hospital for treatment. Her declining health was exacerbated by the wood smoke of their home and the constant exposure to paint fumes without proper ventilation, and the lung issues this caused left her susceptible to pneumonia. She died on July 30, 1970, after battling pneumonia. After her death, demand for her paintings skyrocketed, as did the appearance of forgeries. Several paintings purported to be Maud’s were eventually proven to be fakes; many are suspected to be the handiwork of her husband Everett in an attempt to continue cashing in on her prominence. In recent years, Maud’s paintings have only grown more valuable. She has become something of a folk hero in her home province of Nova Scotia, which has long embraced artists with authenticity and unusual styles, and in Canada as a whole. In the 21st  century, her paintings have sold at prices well into five figures. After Everett’s death in 1979, the Lewises’ house began to fall into disrepair. In 1984, it was purchased by the Province of Nova Scotia, and the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia took over the care and preservation of the house. It now dwells in the gallery as part of a permanent exhibit of Maud’s works. Her paintings have made her a folk hero among the Canadian art community, and the bright joyfulness of her style, combined with the humble, often harsh realities of her life, have resonated with patrons and fans worldwide. Sources Bergman, Brian. â€Å"Paying Tribute To Painter Maud Lewis.†Ã‚  The Canadian Encyclopedia, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/paying-tribute-to-painter-maud-lewis/Stamberg, Susan. â€Å"Home Is Where The Art Is: The Unlikely Story of Folk Artist Maud Lewis.†Ã‚  NPR, https://www.npr.org/2017/06/19/532816482/home-is-where-the-art-is-the-unlikely-story-of-folk-artist-maud-lewisWoolaver, Lance.  The Illuminated Life of Maud Lewis. Halifax: Nimbus Publishing, 1995.

Field Work and Data Collection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Field Work and Data Collection - Essay Example 2.1 Methodology The methodology used in this study is a survey and relevant research. 2.2 Tool Used A questionnaire has been prepared and other relevant information will be obtained from different sources like journals, newspapers, magazines and articles. 2.3 Rationale of Questionnaire and Other Sources Used The research method that has been used in this study in order to achieve the above mentioned objective is a questionnaire (Appendix – 1). The questionnaire consists of 16 questions that are predominantly closed-ended in nature and it has been prepared for the participants who have the willingness to participate in the same. The main focus of preparing the questions mentioned in the questionnaire was to address the issue of prevailing economic scenario and how it has affected the people. In other words, the questions have been constructed to measure the effect of and related adjustments to the GFC. Closed-ended questions were preferred over open-ended questions because the questions could be easily categorised and is quantifiable (Bechman, 2005). Moreover, closed-ended questions can be analysed easily. ... The responses of closed-ended questions are more reliable and the turnaround time is less. It implies participants have to devote less time while answering the questionnaire and there is less chance of false replies being recorded (Seibert, 2002). The main objective of this questionnaire is to identify the responses of the questions based on this study. This would help in achieving the objectives of this study too. Hence, the main focus of the questionnaire is to find the impact of the present economic scenario on how people are spending their money, particularly in groceries. Whether people have changed from where they used to shop before and have shifted to discounted stores because of the recession or have they remained loyal to large supermarkets and the reasons behind such changes, are all addressed in the questionnaire. Hence, the questionnaire used as a tool in this study was quite effective in collecting data in quick time. It was also cost effective and large volume of data was gathered quite efficiently. A random sample selection procedure was used to design the sample and in total 150 responses was collected from people in the nearby local supermarket. 50 questionnaires each were distributed to Sainsbury, Tesco and Morrison shopkeepers respectively. Since the questions were closed-ended, people were comfortable answering the questionnaire. Moreover data collection was over in quick time because customers did not have to ponder over or think much before giving their reply to the questionnaire. The questionnaire that has been prepared is mentioned below. Proper justifications and the reasons behind asking such questions have also been explained. 1. Which grocery shop is preferred by you mostly? Sainsbury†¦..

Effective Information Dissemination Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Effective Information Dissemination - Assignment Example A simple intranet access management infrastructure that assimilates applications and platforms can generate vital and significant benefits for organisations trying to improve or enhance the use and management of their communication channels and digital identities. As a classic example, the use of a standard set of security protocols and the elimination of redundant identity stores can simplify infrastructure, reduce management efforts, enable single sign on (SSO), and make security auditing easier. Introduction Effective communication and efficient information dissemination are the approaches through which business firms and organisations synchronise their pursuits and accomplish their short- and long-term objectives. Perceptibly, technologies for managing and distributing information have changed over time, but its purpose and meaning required for human organisation have remained considerably coherent and dependable. The initiative to seek for ways to authenticate electronic requests and submissions is merely an attempt to meet the same needs that seals, signature comparison, and notary publics met in the paper world. As it is, the need to secure information on networks is exactly the same need that led to sealing wax and armed guards in previous eras using paper media. However, security requirements are not the only reasons that motivate and drive organisations to manage their information. If the information does not facilitate some further use that provides value, then ther e is no need to secure it. Basically, organisational information carries with it content that leads to action which either means a gain or a loss of resources. Customarily, an organisation strengthens its capacity to organise and direct these resources by dividing among numerous individuals the work necessary to achieve its objective. For the organisation to be effective, activities and its progress must synchronised and highly coordinated. As it is, a vital justification for the distribution and allotment of information within organisations is the conformity and management of these objectives and divergent tasks. Consistency of information is a crucial necessity for successful coordination. It is not a positive development if the existence and location of vital information stays unknown to those who need it, likewise, it is not very helpful and efficient if a team tries to reach and consensus when every member is operating from a different information base that may be conflicting or irreconcilable with the others on the team. It is a fact that data more often than not gets stale that keeping it current is an imperative necessity. At present, most organisational structures and processes have been made sophisticated to solve the problems intrinsic with paper-based information. Information currency and integrity are much simpler problems when the content does not change often, activities being coordinated are not that big or complicated and the information is centrally collected and distributed. However, these are not common characteristics of most businesses today. The distributed environments more commonly found at present need to be able to synchronise information in a distinct and novel way which requires a different set of management structures and processes than most organisations have inherited. Intranet Among the most recent catchphrases

Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marketing - Term Paper Example Branding strategies enables companies to charge a premium price (Kotler, 2003). Michael Kors built his retail empire by joining forces with some smart investors that had lot of experience and success in the retail industry. In 2003 Lawrence Stroll and Silas Chou bought a controlling interest of 85% in Kors brand for $100 million. These two entrepreneurs invested in Tommy Hilfiger in 1989 and three years later they turn his company into a publicly traded corporation. The process to turn a company from a private business into a public firm that can sell its stock in the open market is known as an initial public offering (IPO) (Investopedia, 2011). Kors has implemented a lot of smart marketing strategies that have allowed his brand to differentiate from other designers. The firm recently introduced a new collection of clothes that has the same prestige of the Kors line, but at a lower price point. Another strategy that Kors utilized to increase the profitability of the company was produ ct diversity. The utilization of a product diversification strategy enables companies to expand their market (Theproduct, 2011). Kors began selling perfumes, handbags, and watches. These products have a higher profit margin than clothes. These new products are considered cash cow products. A cash cow is a product that produces a constant dependable source of income (Answers, 2011).

Assignment On Managing Financial Resources And Decision Finance Essay

Assignment On Managing Financial Resources And Decision Finance Essay Executive summary: In this assignment different types business forms like sole trader, partnership, and limited companies are briefly discussed. Also discussed how they perform and what are the requirements to start a business? How we finance business. The needs of financing like short, mid and long term resources include briefly in this assignment. There are share capitals, bond debenture, called up share capital, share premium, EPS dilution and diluted EPS. These terms are discussed from many books and websites. Introduction: John Caird had been working in an engineering consultancy firm. Recently he laid off with redundancy payment. He is planning to start his own business. In this assignment I discussed various forms of financing of business, how he can start his business, what are the problems of his business and many business and finance terms. Chapter-1- Identifying the sources of finance available to business. Task answer: There are several possible business options for John Caird. These options are sole trader or proprietorship, partnership and corporation. Sole trader or proprietorship 2. Partnership 3. Limited company Sole trader: a sole trader is an individual in business. Generally sole traders businesses are small with their own name. It is the most common organization. There are some advantages of being a sole trader: independence, personal service, simplicity. Since they have few legal requirements, sole proprietorships are easy to form and operate. They can also be more affordable since no legal documents need to be filed in most cases. Basically, all one has to do to form a sole proprietorship is get a business license and begin operations. Although the sole proprietorship does have the advantage of simplicity, the negatives can turn entrepreneurs away from this form of business association. The disadvantages of a sole proprietorship stem from its very nature the business and the business owner are undividable. This leads to three potential problems. First, owners can lose some beneficial tax-free perimeter benefits because they cannot participate in company-funded employee benefit plans like medical insurance and retirement plans. Second, since the owner and the business are inseparable, whoever sues the business actually sues the owner. The owners personal exposure is unlimited. Finally, the business owner is personally liable for the debts of the company, and unfortunately, personal assets can be taken to pay company obligations. Partnership: A partnership is a group of individuals working together in business with a view to making a profit. It is similar to a sole trader but has two or more owners. Like the sole trader, the partnership is not a separate legal entity from its owners. Unlike the sole trader, however, the partnership can hold property and incur debt in its name. A partnership is easy to establish and involves two or more people running a business together. The partners are the business. Examples of partnerships include group of doctors, dentists, accountants and solicitors. A partnership does not have to be registered any where but it is often advisable for partners to have a partnership agreement drawn up by a solicitor. This will state what capital. Limited Company: A limited company is a separate legal entity, owned by shareholders and run by directors. A limited company is quite different from a sole trader in that it has a legal identity separate from its owner. The owners the shareholders- are not personally liable for the companys debts, but can be made so if they are asked by a lender to provide security. A limited company must be registered at Companies house. An annual return and financial statements must be sent each year to Companys House by company. The rules for running the company must be set out in the Memorandum and Articles of Association, a copy of which must also be sent to Companies House. There is must paper work involved in establishing and running a limited company. Task B Requirements Term Explanation Building and fixtures Long term It can be purchased by mortgage loan. Office Vehicle Mid tern It could be financed by commercial bank or bond. Security System Mid term Leasing and hire purchase should be suitable for it. Payroll Expense (year 1) Mid term Bank loan is a option. Marketing expense Short tern/ midterm Office Stationary Short term From personal savings. Printing and Publications Short term It can be financed by trade credit. Sources of Finance Depending on the date of maturity, sources of finance can be clubbed into the following: Long-term sources of finance: Long-term financing could be raised from the following sources: Share capital or else equity share Preference shares Retained earnings Debentures/Bonds of different types Loans from financial institutions Loan from financial firm Loans from commercial  banks Venture capital funding Asset securitization Medium-term sources of finance: Medium-term financing can be raised from the following sources: Preference shares Debentures/bonds Public deposits/fixed deposits Commercial banks Financial institutions Financial corporations Lease financing / hire purchase  financing External commercial borrowings Foreign currency bonds   Short term sources of finance: Short-term financing can be raised from the following sources: Trade credit Commercial banks Fixed deposits for a period of 1 year or less Advances received from customers Various short-term provisions Task C DEBT EQUITY None Hire-Purchase Mortgage Loan Leasing Bonds and debenture Invoice factoring Share capital Retained earnings Personal savings Cash management Invoice discounting Debt- These are cost where interest forms of payment is paid. Equity- These cost are paid from the part of profit or income. Chapter-2- Assess the implications of different sources of finance. Task D There are a number of ways of buying these things. The business might go to the bank for a loan, arrange some sort of finance deal with the supplier, use cash they have in the business or arrange a lease option. A lease effectively means that the business is paying for the use of a product but do not own it. Also it is called hiring. A lease contract on a van, for example, might mean that the firm pays out  £350 per month for a three year lease. At the end of the three years the vehicle returns to the owner. Lease agreements can be of benefit to the firm for the following reasons: It can be cheaper to organize a lease rather than having to buy apparatus outright Leases can be very flexible equipment might only be needed for a short time or for a particular development and so does not warrant being bought outright. The company that owns the equipment, machines or vehicles is liable for the maintenance and this can help decrease costs for the business. The payments made are usually fixed and will not therefore change as interest rates change. This helps business plan more effectively. (Reference from www.bized.co.uk ) Before taking any lease we should conform how long do we plan to stay? And we must know the rules and regulation of leasing party. And do there demands match with my requirements and ability. Task E Factoring  is a  financial transaction  whereby a business sells its  accounts receivable  to a third party at a  discount  in exchange for immediate money with which to finance continued business. Also it is taken when there is a massive amount of sales is done on credit. It is generally used by businesses to progress cash flow but  can  also be used to shrink administration overheads.  Business that provides this service is called factors or debt factoring companies. Invoice discounting is another way of drawing money against your invoices. However, your business retains control over the administration of your sales ledger. As well as providing finance,  it offers important support services and credit insurance. Factoring provides a fast  forestallment  against your sales ledger. It allows you, at a cost, to flexibly increase your working capital and improve cash flow. Factoring  is offered to businesses trading with other businesses on credit terms.  It is not usually available to retailers or to cash traders. Factors requirements differ, so what follow is an indication and not a firm list. We may find a matter even if the following features not met. Johns business may be suitable for factoring if it has: An annual turnover of at least  £50,000 although some factors will consider start-ups and smaller businesses Business should have more than just a few customers. No single customer accounts for more than about a third of turnover. Customers that allow the standard payment terms for the industry. Customers that agree to a reasonable period of credit. (Reference from www.businesslink.gov.uk ) Task F Trade credit is an arrangement to buy goods or services on account that is without making immediate cash payment. In other words, trade credit is Buy now, pay later. For many businesses, trade credit is a crucial tool for financing growth. Trade credit is the credit extended to you by suppliers who let you buy at this instant and pay later. Any time you take delivery of materials, equipment or other valuables without paying cash on the spot, youre using trade credit. We can acquire materials very fast by trade credit. Most of the time paying duration is very shorter than bank loans. When we are first starting our business, however, suppliers most likely arent going to offer trade credit. They are going to desire to make every order c.o.d. (cash or check on delivery) or paid by credit card in advance until we have established that we can pay our bills on time. While this is a fairly regular practice, we can still try and negotiate trade credit with suppliers. One of the things that will help us in these negotiations is a properly prepared financial plan. So Mr. John Caird could buy security system, stationeries and printings by trade credit. Task G If Mr. John Caird wants to issue share capital or bond/ debenture to increase more fund for his organization he should start limited company. Limited companies are the largest form of business enterprise. Finance is provided by individuals and financial institution- such as pension funds and unit trust managers- buying shares in the company. The way the investment is made will depend on the size of the company. Limited companies, like sole trader and partnerships need finance for long-term purposes. They may also need finance for the acquisition of other companies and business. Also limited company must follow the rules of the Memorandum and Articles of Association. There are the differences of issuing share capital and bond debenture. Issuing Shares Bonds/Debentures Type of Finance Equity Debt Cost High Relatively much lower Risk Low or no risks High Bonds and Debentures are debt instruments. The Company issues the Bond or Debenture as the case may give details of the interest to be paid and the period of the loan, and how the loan will be repaid. When we buy any bond or debenture we become a creditor to the company. Share is equity participation in the Company. When we buy a share, we become a shareholder of the company. The company will pay us dividend on the shares. To issue a share / bond / debenture, the company must be registered and must have the necessary minimum capital. Chapter-3- Select appropriate sources of finance for a business project Task H If John Caird is interested to start sole-proprietorship form of business then he should finance the following requirements:| Building and fixtures: This need long term finance. In my opinion Mr. John can go for leasing buildings and fixtures. Although there are no ownership but he can reduce finance cost. He has limited capital thats why it can be risky to buy buildings and fixtures. And when Johns business will run well he could purchase buildings and fixtures. Office Vehicle: It will better to buy on mid term loan, as means of paying it by instalments. Security system: Mid term finance is suitable for security system, because every year new and better security systems are updating. So John could go for mid term financing like- leasing. Payroll Expense (year 1): it can be financed by short term finance like-loans from commercial bank or personal savings. Marketing expense: It must be go to the short term loan. Because marketing expense vary on situation and factors. Also marketing policy changes dramatically. Office Stationary: John Caird can buy office stationary by hire purchasing. This will be best for him. Printing and Publications: Printing and publication should be financed by short term form. John can use trade credit or advances received from customer. Task I Cairn Energy illustrated that their Property, Plant Equipment- Development/Producing assets has increased from $1,119.6m in 2008 to $1,828.6m in 2009. And theres something in balance sheet called share premium which is 30 times larger than Called up share capital. Called up share capital- Called up share capital is the money required to be paid by the share holders immediately. Share premium- Share premium is the value which is set above the face value (the increased amount). Excess amount received by a firm over the par value of its shares. This amount forms a part of the non-distributable reserves of the firm which usually can be used only for purposes specified under corporate legislation. Task J EPS stands for earnings per share. The portion of a companys profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock.  Earnings per share  serve as an indicator of  a companysprofitability. Calculated as: When calculating, it is more accurate to use a  weighted average number of shares outstanding over the reporting term, because the  number of shares outstanding can change over time. However, data sources  sometimes simplify the calculation  by using the number of shares outstanding at the end of the period.( http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/eps.asp) Diluted EPS  expands on basic EPS by including the shares of  convertibles or warrants outstanding in the outstanding shares number.   Dilution: A reduction in earnings per share of common stock that  occurs through the issuance of additional shares or the conversion of convertible securities. Diluted EPS: A  performance metric used to gauge the quality of a companys earnings per share (EPS) if all convertible securities were exercised. Convertible securities refer to all outstanding convertible preferred shares, convertible debentures, stock options (primarily employee based) and warrants. Unless the company has no additional potential shares outstanding (a  relatively rare circumstance) the diluted EPS will always be lower than the simple EPS. ( Reference by Principles of managerial finance, Tenth edition, Lawrence J Gitman.) Conclusion: From three chapters we could know the way how to finance of a company. In my opinion, to established Mr. John Caird Company he should follow this steps. Otherwise the unnecessary steps can increase and he may fall in nuisance.

Essay --

Juliette Gordon Low is the founder of girl scouts and she led a long and prosperous journey for strengthening and empowering young women; Even though she became deaf she was not deterred and she continued on with her job as the founder of girl scouts. Juliette Low was a leader all throughout her life as a child and an adult. Along her journey of girl scouting she achieved many of her goals and had many different hobbies and interests. After she passed away she was remembered for all the impacts she made on the world. The cause for Juliette’s deafness isn’t the most obvious to be sure, But it is pretty ironic how it happened. When she was young she had many ear infections which made her lose most of her hearing in one ear. But in the other ear was a more Bizarre happening. On her Wedding day, Many people showed up for the event. After the wedding was done and Juliette and her fiance’ were walking down the church steps to start their life together. All of this happened while being showered upon by rice being thrown by well-wishers. But what they didn’t know is that one piece of rice became lodged in her ear causing an ear infection in that ear. Later on, it caused deafness in both ears. Juliette Gordon Low was born in Savannah Georgia in October 31, 1860 to William Washington Gordon and Eleanor Lytle. Her maiden name is Juliette Magill Kinzie Gordon. Shortly after she was born; she was given the nickname â€Å"daisy†. This later changes to â€Å"Crazy Daisy† due to personality change, positive energy, and openness. She was born into a split opinion Family with her Dad’s side of the family for succession and her Mother’s side of the family for abolition. Many neighbors were irritated that the Low family had differi... ...eginning stage of development, Low wanted them to be inclusive and independent. They started out by working on merit badges like: first aid, cooking, map reading, and knot tying. They were also known to spend a majority of their time in the outdoors participating in activities such as: swimming, camping, basketball, ect. They Introduced the idea of selling cookies as a fundraiser in 1917; This idea flew high and is still a major source of revenue for today’s girl scouts. Low decided it was enough and resigned presidency in 1920. and by 1925, the number of girl scouts grew to 90,000 girls in girl scouts. Low lead a legacy that will be remembered for a long time to come. With her outgoing personality she changed many girls lives as she met her goals and achieved many things. Becoming deaf had little effect on her, for she remained in girl scouting until the very end.

Bad corporate governance Essay

Approach Governance Governing is a process of implementing decisions, rules and regulations in a group of people. Its concept has been widely used by companies to make their workers comply a set of agreed actions that were done and ordered by the management. The management’s ways of doing rules and policies has a big effect in a company’s performance as a whole. As decision making is vital to a company, the management should be equipped with the knowledge of how they are going to make their decisions every day. Study of Good and Bad Governance Good Governance Good governance will surely give benefits to the company, employees, customers and suppliers. Its implemented decisions had considered the characteristics of Participation, Rule of Law, Transparency, Responsiveness, Consensus Orientation, Equity and Inclusiveness, Effectiveness and Efficiency and Accountability that if complied well, it will bring good feedbacks and result to the company. Bad Governance Mismanagement has always been a problem in all companies which is a start of bad governance. Bad governance emerges when conflict rises among people who are involved in the company. It includes conflict of interest, political issues among members of the company, social problems, discrimination, lack of participation and more. When employees or the people concerned to the company starts to ask questions about the decision of the company’s management, then there is an unclear part in that certain decisions being implemented that employees do not understand or agreed. Analysis All companies have their different mission and vision as their instrument and inspiration to be the best that they can to survive in a very competitive market. In this paper, we will examine the different possible causes why the UK Industrial Company and MISnet Inc. failed. Sample Study: The UK Industrial Company Failure The UK Industrials is composed of 539 firms and observed from 1988-1993. From table 1, we can see that from the original 539 companies, 56 companies from the group exit the firm because of its financial stabilities. This resulted to shake to the whole company making it like a domino effect to fail the company. The case study made by John Hunter and Natalia Isachenkova for the UK industries explained that the result of the UK Industrial failure is its lack of knowledge in determining the financial stability of the industry which is very important for investment decisions at the micro level. Individuality also played a big part in their failure because the study showed a big evidence of division from different panels as such, decision making regarding the industries financial problem, profits, liquidity, turnovers and changes were greatly affected. Aside from the causes of failure mentioned, the industry is also said to have focused on their current cash flow rather than also thinking about the future economic value of the firm according in their future cash flows.

The Difference Between Revising and Editing

The Difference Between Revising and Editing Just when you thought you were done writing your paper, you realize you still need to revise and edit. But what does that mean? The two are easy to confuse, but it is important for students to understand the difference.   Revision starts once you have a finished first draft of your paper. As you reread what you have written, you might notice a few places where the wording does not seem to flow quite as well as the rest of your work. You may decide to change a few words or add a sentence or two. Work through your arguments and make sure you have evidence to back them up. This is also the time to make sure you have established a thesis and have kept your focus on that throughout your paper.   Helpful Tips for Revision Give yourself time between writing the first draft and looking at it again for revision. A few hours can give you enough time to see it with fresh eyes that are more likely to spot trouble areas.Read your paper out loud. Sometimes speaking the words helps you get a better feel for the flow of a paper.Do not worry about the editing yet. Get the big ideas down and leave the detailing for later.Make sure your paper is organized in a logical way. Make your thesis statement and follow it up with arguments, quotes, and evidence in a way that makes your purpose clear. Editing your paper happens once you have a draft you are confident in as a whole. In this process, you are going to look for the details that may have slipped by you during the writing process. Spelling errors are often caught by spellcheck, but do not trust this tool  to catch everything. Word usage is also a common problem to catch in editing. Is there a word you use repetitively? Or did you write there when you meant their? Details like this seem small on an individual basis, but as they pile up they can distract your reader.   Things to Look for When Editing Look for spelling and capitalization errors that your editing software may have missed.Punctuation can make a big impact on how your paper flows. It creates a rhythm that can completely make or break a paper.Fact-check yourself. Did you cite your quotes and sources properly?Don’t be afraid to let a friend or colleague look at it with unfamiliar eyes. Sometimes you know your material so well that your brain automatically fills in blanks or sees what you meant, rather than what you said. Someone seeing the work for the first time might catch things you didn’t. Once you get into the habit of revising and editing, it becomes a little easier. You begin to recognize your own style and voice, and even learn the mistakes  you are most susceptible to. You may know the difference between there, their, and they’re but sometimes your fingers type faster than you can think and mistakes happen. After a few papers, the process will happen more naturally.

The Russian Pogroms on a more Personal level essays

The Russian Pogroms on a more Personal level essays Russian Pogroms on a more personal note At the beginning of Nicholas II's reign in 1894, Russia was faced with revolution. People were beginning to fight for political reformations, and their right to freedom of speech, but Nicholas II was attempting to make it clear that he was going to be just as strict in his guard of the autocracy as his father, Alexander III, was before him. The Russian government had just failed to gain warm water ports in the West, and was now turning toward the East, which meant inevitable war with the growing Far East empire, Japan. This far off war also served to distract the Russian people from pursuing revolution and deflect their attention to the nationalistic battle in the East. However, violence resided not only at the front against Japan, but at home within Russia's borders in the form of pogroms, where Jews were sought out and murdered by the hundreds and in some places, the thousands. In the Pogroms of 1903 to 1906, thousands of Jews were slaughtered across Russia in these waves of anti-Semitic hatred. After violent anti-Semitic campaigns had been breaking throughout Russia for months, the Russian city of Kishinev witnessed the first pogrom. Forty-five people were murdered, and 1,300 homes and shops were plundered. The violent participants in the Kishinev pogrom received very light criminal punishments, and Russians everywhere were shown that pogroms were to become perfectly acceptable and even encouraged. Russia fell to disastrous defeat in the hands of the Japanese. As the Russians were looking for someone to blame for their devastating loss, the government proposed the Jewish people as a scapegoat for the people's anger and frustration. This new program of the extermination of the enemy Jews was done quickly and without remorse, before the heat could be turned back onto the Czar and while there was still a chance that the fires of revolution could be rekindled. People were con...

Personal Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Personal Leadership - Essay Example It was not enough, so I took a Gallup strength test as well. According to the Gallup strength test (Garcia, 2012) my top five strengths were responsibility, connectedness, belief, restoration and adaptability. I also scored a 36 out of 50 on the emotional intelligence assessment, which showed that I was empathetic and self-aware of my surroundings. My social intelligence assessment also helped me understand that I have the ability to persuade and motivate people. My leadership course made me understand that all strengths have its respective shadows (Northouse, 2014). For example, if I find my strength in my belief, it can also make me narrow-minded and bad opinionated towards the beliefs of others. Moreover, it might also make me start believing in something that holds no true ground. Therefore, all of my strengths have their respective weaknesses that I need to take care of in order to become the best of the leader that I can. My strength of connectedness can also lead me to start thinking too deeply about different matters of life instead of leaving them as it is. I may be responsible but my weakness lets me take on more than necessary responsibilities on my head in order to please and try out others. Similarly, my ability to adapt to situation also causes one of the most difficult weaknesses, my failure to plan on time. The leaders that I have seen in my life have been those that have extraordinary confidence. By observing them I have understood that a leader that has the capacity to lead himself. They are typically capable with their time, their assets, and with their personnel. I accept that gratefulness presupposes obligation. A decent sample of this is the point at which some person drops some change on the ground, I accept that a grateful individual, and thus, a capable individual, will get the change. We have all seen somebody that simply carries on as though they had not in any case perceived

A Fast Food and Bakery Take-Away counter in Downtown, Mumbai Essay

A Fast Food and Bakery Take-Away counter in Downtown, Mumbai - Essay Example The initial setup of the bakery and fast food counter would be a small one to involve as little investment and risk as possible. The preliminary research has revealed that there are very few bakeries and fast food counters in the populated areas of Mumbai and hence, the competitive edge of the project would be its location inviting a lot of pedestrian traffic on a daily basis. The main customers of the counter would be office going youngsters and students who like mobile food and snacks and have a preference for Western origin food more than their local origins. The initial setup cost of the counter including the construction, rentals, machinery, raw material, etc. is around $ 76,000, which is an estimate calculated from the data of take away counters of similar capacity. An analysis of the location tells us that Mumbai is thickly populated with people belonging to all the backgrounds: Upper class, upper middle class, middle class, lower middle class, and the lower class. The main ta rget audience of the counter would be people belonging to middle class and the higher classes. Since Mumbai is densely populated with average income people, investing in a bakery that has numerous future prospects seems like an investment that is worthwhile. Another interesting factor is the change in the eating habits of people especially among the younger lot. They prefer fast food and snacks that they can eat while on the go. Hence, a take away counter for bakery items and fast food would definitely be a profitable venture. The Gantt chart of the project shows that it would take the counter approximately more than two months starting from research up until its launch. Project Description The outcome that the project would achieve is the setup of a take-away counter selling bakery and fast food items such as hot breads, rolls, cakes, burgers, sandwiches, pizzas, etc. The location of the counter would be in downtown Mumbai, India so that it gets a lot of foot traffic from the nearb y offices, schools, colleges, etc. The target market of the counter is young and middle-aged people working in offices or students who are constantly moving and need to eat outside their homes. As mentioned earlier, the eating habits of all younger generation are very different from the older lot, they prefer fast food and bakery items and thus, a counter catering to their needs would ensure lots of people coming during lunch and teatime hours. Another possible consumer base of the counter would be people with a sweet tooth and other who like to buy cakes and pastries for celebrations and religious festivals, which are abundant in India. The counter would host products such as pastries, custom made cakes, biscuits, mini muffins, etc. The counter would also place tables and chairs nearby so that consumers who want to sit can have their meals comfortably. The counter would have self-service. The packaging would be attractive and artistically done for takeaways and gifts. A study of th e market has provided that food business, specifically bakeries, fast food, and other similar outlets suffer less even in the time of recession. Another advantage with such counters is that they are easy to setup and not a lot of technical expertise is necessary. The overall business model of such ventures is pretty straight forward with a direct revenue model that does not have a lot of risk involved. The success of such a counter depends on the following factors: market need, taste and product quality. Mumbai is a metropolitan city with the people residing here belonging to all backgrounds and coming from all parts of India bringing in their own cultural heritage and taste. Here, the